Structural biology of host-microbe interactions in health and disease, bacterial pili, and biofilms

Microbial attachment to host surfaces is a primary and critical step in colonization, irrespective of its beneficial or detrimental effects on the host. Subsequent events in pathogenesis or probiosis are highly dependent on this initial interaction or adherence.Interfering with the host-microbial interface is considered one of the most promising and effective approaches for improving health and combating infections. This anti-adhesive approach does not directly kill bacteria but rather prevents attachment. Consequently, it is also considered a potential alternative to antibiotics, which often lead to the development of resistance when used. Such an approach requires detailed knowledge of how microbes attach to the host and the adhesive strategies differ among microbes. To provide the essential foundations for this approach, we aim to generate structural knowledge by studying key molecules that establish the initial contacts between the host and microbes (both beneficial and pathogenic). 

Our primary research focuses on visualizing the host-microbial interface through structural biology tools at the atomic level to elucidate the mechanism by which microbes adhere to and interact with the host surface for colonization. We currently focus on hair-like surface organelles called pili or fimbriae, which enable bacteria to establish initial contact with host surfaces for colonization and biofilm formation. The ongoing structural investigation program encompasses beneficial gut microbiota and pathogenic strains to gain insights into tissue tropism and microbial interaction strategies in health and disease.