Cell wall-derived oligosaccharides are often generated during pathogen attacks and plant development, and plants sense them as a danger signal and trigger the immune response. However, how these oligosaccharide signals can reinforce or remodel the cell wall by maintaining its integrity which is not explored in detail. Therefore, this study investigated the role of xylan-derived xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on plant immune responses and cell wall remodeling.

Bacteria are versatile organisms that instantly respond to changing environmental signals. Motility in bacteria is mediated by multi-protein complex thread like structure called flagella that allows bacteria to move towards favourable conditions. However, bacteria can also form sessile sedentary surface attached communities embedded in think polysaccharide matrix called biofilms.