Adult stem cells (ASCs) with self-renewal and differentiation abilities are present in various organs in the body. Where these ASCs are actively involved in tissue maintenance during homeostasis, injury, as well as infection. The ASCs function requires precise regulation of proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. Any irregularities in these processes can inhibit tissue recovery or may even lead to cancer. Several genetic factors have been identified that precisely regulate the behaviour/ activities of these ASCs.

The functional and structural versatility of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) makes them ideal candidates for overcoming the limitations imposed by small molecule-based drugs. Hence, RNA-based biopharmaceuticals such as messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA mimics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), aptamers, riboswitches, and CRISPR-Cas9 are emerging as vital tools for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases.

Bacterial attachment to host surfaces is the first and critical step in colonization, biofilm formation, and infection. Bacterial ability to attach to biotic and abiotic surfaces is also the primary concern for many medical and food industries. Bacteria often assemble hair-like decorative proteinaceous appendages called pili or fimbriae on their surface to facilitate initial interaction with the surrounding environment. The pili are non-flagellar thread-like structures, few microns in length and composed of building blocks called pilins.

Viruses with positive-sense single stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genomes are responsible for different diseases and represent a global health problem. In addition to developing new vaccines that protect against severe illness on infection, it is imperative to identify new antiviral molecules to treat infected patients. The genome of these RNA viruses generally codes for an enzyme with RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity. This molecule is centrally involved in the duplication of the RNA genome.

Adhesion to the host surface is the prerequisite for bacterial colonization, biofilm formation, and niche adaptation. The bacterial attachment is often facilitated through cell surface appendages called pili. In addition to adhesion, the pili also play a role in biofilm formation, immunomodulation, pathogenesis, and probiotic behaviours. The pili are usually composed of three protein subunits called tip, backbone, and basal pilins. These pilins are tethered to each other to form the pili through covalent links by an enzyme called sortase. Previously, We (Dr.

Dietary restriction (DR) extends healthy lifespan in diverse species. Age and nutrient-related changes in the abundance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their processing factors have been linked to organismal longevity. However, the mechanisms by which they modulate lifespan and the tissue-specific role of miRNA-mediated networks in DR-dependent enhancement of lifespan remains largely unexplored. This study shows that two neuronally enriched and highly conserved microRNAs, miR-125 and let-7 mediate the DR response in Drosophila melanogaster.

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key molecule that stimulates protein synthesis. It has been found to extend the lifespan of a soil-living roundworm.Biologists at the Regional Centre for Biotechnology in Faridabad, India, have discovered that dietary AKG could alleviate COVID-19-induced lung damage in hamsters1.

AKG protects the lungs by reducing clot formation in blood vessels and accumulation of specific immune cells.